Opto-magnetic Imaging Spectroscopy Research Articles

Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy in analyzing rotary NiTi endodontic instruments

Intra-canal fracture of rotary NiTi instruments occurs due to torsional stress, cyclic fatigue, or a combination of these two factors. Broken instruments are a serious obstacle to shaping, cleaning, and filling of the root canal and can adversely affect the outcome of endodontic therapy.The aim of this study was to examine the magnetic properties and ultrastructural changes of new, used, and fractured NiTi instruments using opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS). The study included three sets of different types of rotary instruments: MTwo (VDW, Munich, Germany), Pro Taper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and BioRace (FKG DENTAIRE Swiss Dental Products, Le Crêt-du-Locle Switzerland). Root canal shaping was performed on root canals with different curvatures, and after intra-canal fracture, instruments of the same type (new, used, and fractured) were analyzed using OMIS at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade.The obtained results showed a coincidence of peak localization for the used instruments that did not suffer a fracture, as well as for new, unused instruments of all examined groups. Additionally, there was a coincidence of peak intensities for new and fractured instruments in all groups. The specific treatment of electropolishing of the active surface of BioRace instruments caused a completely different electromagnetic response compared to conventional NiTi sets of tested instruments. New, unused BioRace instruments had the most pronounced positive (5.6078 n.a.u. x1000) and negative (−8.5218 n.a.u. x1000) intensity values.The analysis of NiTi instruments using opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy indicated changes in the magnetic properties after their instrumentation.

COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR WHOLE SLIDE IMAGE OF LIQUID BASED CERVICAL CYTOLOGY SAMPLE CLASSIFICATION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK

Cervical cancer screening with Papanicolaou test and liquid based cytology relies on the expertise of the pathologist. Liquid based cytology is proven to be more efficient than conventional Papanicolaou test when it comes to sample preparation and possibility of conducting several tests on the same sample. However, specificity and sensitivity of the test are in the range of the Papanicolaou test accuracy metrics, with false negative results still being the main drawback of these manually performed tests. Advances in technology and availability of digital data have enabled succesfull application of machine learning models in diagnostics. Images of cervical cells are now used as input to different deep learning models currently tested in studies concerning computer aided diagnostic systems. This study explores different architectures of convolutional neural network for cervical cancer detection based on Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy and liquid based cytology samples. The proposed VGG16 based model achieved 93.3% sensitivity and 67.8% specificity in the binary classification problem. Results highlight the need for more balanced dataset in order for suggested deep model to achieve better performance.

DEEP LEARNING ALGORITHM FOR CERVICAL CANCER DETECTION BASED ON IMAGES OF OPTOMAGNETIC SPECTRA

In order to further investigate performance of Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy in cervical cancer detection, deep learning algorithm has been used for classification of optomagnetic spectra of the samples. Optomagnetic spectra reflect cell properties and based on those properties it is possible to differentiate normal cells from cells showing different levels of dysplasia and cancer cells. In one of the previous research, Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy has demonstrated high percentages of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in cervical cancer detection, particularly in the case of binary classification. Somewhat lower accuracy percentages were obtained in the case of four class classification. Compared to the results obtained by conventional machine learning classification algorithms, proposed deep learning algorithm achieves similar accuracy results (80%), greater sensitivity (83.3%), and comparable specificity percentages (78%).

Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy (OMIS) for in situ detection of bacteria in blood – feasibility study

Introduction: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death in military and civilian hospitals. Rapid identification of involved pathogens is a key step for appropriate diagnosis, treatment and ultimately survival. Current diagnostics tools are either very bulky and not deployment ready, or require a long time to provide results. Given these obstacles, new solutions are urgently needed. Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy (OMIS) is novel technology successfully used for the detection of cancer cells and viruses. OMIS has high sensitivity due to recording the unpaired and paired electrons of sample material. Furthermore, machine learning that uses the algorithms random forest (RF) classifier and artificial neural network (ANN) is integrated into the technology to enhance detection. Here we evaluated the feasibility of OMIS for the detection of bacteria in blood. Methods: We used commercially available human blood spiked with a defined concentration multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus derived from a clinical isolate. Final concentrations of bacteria of 1 × 106, 1 × 105 and 1 × 104 CFU/mL corresponding to High (H), Medium (M) and Low (L) concentrations respectively. A total of 240 samples (60 samples per concentration as well as 60 samples of sterile blood (N)) was imaged, and the data were analyzed using random forest classifier and artificial neural network. Images for the training set and validation sets were separately obtained and used for comparison against true positive values (confirmatory plating on the nutrient agar). Results: The average score of classification samples in the correct category (N, L, M, H) one-by-one was 94% for the ANN algorithm, while for the RF algorithm accuracy was 93% (average means that three times different 40 samples (of 240 samples) were chosen, and each prediction test had different sample mixtures). The closeness of the two values of accuracy strongly indicates that the input data (interaction of light with paired and unpaired electrons) and output data (classification N, L, M, H concentration of bacteria) are correlated.

Mechanisms of skin moisturization with hyperharmonized hydroxyl modified fullerene substance.

Hyper Harmonized Hydroxyl Modified Fullerene Substance (3HFWC+ ) establishes hydrogen bonds with the surrounding water molecules and organizes them in clusters with the liquid crystalline state, similar to the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules. To investigate the moisturizing properties of hyperharmonized fullerenol-3HFWC+ as an emulsion O/W ingredient on the skin. We have analyzed the reflexion of the blue light from the skin, in vivo, with different levels of moisturization and compared the influence of three groups of cosmetic products (with various active ingredients, 3HFWC+ or water in same percentage in the "vehiculum") on skin moisturization by measuring paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy. Regenerating Cream and Body Lotion have shown statistically significant increase of diamagnetic features predominantly in all 3 types of creams, while the Hand Cream formulations have not shown statistically significant results after 4weeks of treatment. Anti-aging cream with 3HFWC+ demonstrated statistically significant increase of paramagnetic properties of the skin (p+ /p- from 0.90 to 0.62) and showed beneficial effects on information transfer and water content in stratum corneum. Although it does not act as a classical moisturizing agent on the skin, 3HFWC+ can increase moisturization as a result of hydrogen bonds established among 3HFWC+ and water or biomolecules, liquid crystalline state of water in 3HFWC+ resembling the properties of water surrounding the biomolecules, and finally, liquid crystalline state of water in the products.

Machine Learning Classification of Cervical Tissue Liquid Based Cytology Smear Images by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy

Machine Learning Classification of Cervical Tissue Liquid Based Cytology Smear Images by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy

NEW APPROACH TO DETECTION OF ABNORMAL CERVICAL CELLS

Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy demonstrated high percentages of accuracy in biological sample classification, namely cervical, oral and colon samples. It enables detection of abnormal tissue and cells, and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool in screening programs. Papanicolaou smears and liquid based cytology samples were analysed in previous studies on cervical cancer detection by Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy and it was shown that this method can diferentiate normal healthy tissue from the cancer tissue. So far, only binary classification of the cervical samples was performed based on optomagnetic spectra of the samples. In this paper, classification of the Papanicolaou smears into four groups (II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou groups) was tested with the Random Forest classification model that demonstrated interclass sensitivity of 49.25%, 58.97%, 50%, 44.44% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively, and specificity of 65.26%, 54.76%, 98.70% and 98.69% for II, III, IV and V Papanicolaou group respectively.

Predictive Value of Opto-magnetic Imaging Spectroscopy in Discriminating Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma from Non-tumor Tissue in Surgical Margins

Negative surgical margins status is of extreme importance for better prognosis and lower recurrence rate in patients undergoing surgical treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Standard histopathology is time consuming and current optical procedures come with various limitations. We examined the potential of a new imaging technique—opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) in discriminating tumor (OSCC) from adjacent non-tumor oral cavity tissue. A total of 46 samples from 21 patients were included in this study. Samples were taken from a fresh surgical specimen of primary OSCC. Digital imaging of samples was performed within 60 min of resection using OMIS device. Images were processed through a specifically designed convolution algorithm based on light-matter interaction. As a result a convolution spectrum was generated. Predictive value of spectral data was assessed using correlation tests and Naive Bayes classification model. There was no significant correlation in distribution of characteristic peaks between tumor and non-tumor tissue (P > 0.05). Tumor tissue showed more magnetic activity compared to non-tumor tissue. Naive Bayes classifier with kernel density estimation discriminated tumor from non-tumor tissue with the accuracy of 82.61%, 86.96% sensitivity, 78.26% specificity and the AUC value of 0.917. OMIS seems to be a promising optical method for ex vivo characterization of OSCC and non-tumor tissue. Further investigation is necessary to determine how tissue type and level of pathological transformation impact OMIS results. Ultimately, this could aid surgeons in using this method as an in vivo indicator for surgical resection with safe margins.

Classification of Healthy and Cancer States of Colon Epithelial Tissues Using Opto-magnetic Imaging Spectroscopy

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) as a major health problem in industrialized countries is highly preventable and can be successfully treated in the early stages. However, incidence and mortality of CRC has increased over the last two decades. The reason could be that the current recommended options for screening are costly, unpleasant for patients, have low sensitivity and poor accessibility for screening. These reasons provide a strong rationale for the development of a new method. Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) as a new imaging method for the characterisation of various materials, including human tissues, is based on light-matter interaction, using a Poincare sphere for light properties and a Bloch sphere for electron properties, and allows the detection of biophysical characteristics within human tissue samples. Compared with histopathology examination, the OMIS method achieved an accuracy of 92.59% using Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network as a classifier, and 89.87% using Naive-Bayes, respectively. The obtained results, based on the investigation of 316 samples, both tumour and normal mucosa (162 cancer cases), strongly suggest that the new non-invasive OMIS method might be used for tissue characterization ex vivo to discriminate between the healthy and carcinoma state of the colon. However, it opens up the possibility of using the same method in in vivo studies to assist physicians in targeting biopsies of colorectal tissue.

Optomagnetic Imaging Spectroscopy Application in Cervical Dysplasia and Cancer Detection: Comparation of Stained and Unstained Papanicolaou Smears

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. The fact that cervical cancer takes many years to develop indicates that mortality rates can be significantly decreased with early detection. This is why screening tests for early cervical cancer detection are so important, especially in developing countries where screening programs are not available to the same extent as in developed countries. About 84% of all cervical cancer cases in 2012 occurred in less developed countries mainly due to the lack of effective screening programs. Even if the necessary infrastructure in one country exists, the cost of screening test is usually too high. Finally, the accuracy of screening test needs to be satisfying in order to detect all the abnormal cases and treat them effectively. Papanicolaou test is still the most effective screening test for cervical cancer detection so far. However, the accuracy of Papanicolaou test is closely related to the expertise of the cytopathologist and therefore the accuracy varies producing relatively low sensitivity of Papanicolaou test (50–85%). HPV DNA test is approved as primary screening test, but so far it gives better results when it is used in conjunction with cytology. We present a method and device for detection of cervical cancer based on optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) and compare the results for cancer detection using stained and fresh unstained cervical cell samples. Compared to stained samples, unstained fresh sample classification by OMIS into healthy/cancerous group with Naive Bayes classifier gave higher accuracy (96% compared to 85,18%).

Computer assisted rapid nondestructive method for evaluation of meat freshness

In this study a technique was developed to predict the meat freshness decay by employing a nondestructive visible imaging method and a computer assisted analysis. The technique uses Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms for detecting of freshness during storage. The opto-magnetic spectra of meat samples were acquired at 0, 12 and 24 hours of refrigerated storage using specially developed imaging system and computer image processing algorithm. The obtained spectra were related to the storage time of the samples, and several machine learning classification algorithms were tested. The best prediction results of freshness for chicken and beef was achieved using lazy IB1 classifier with the accuracy of 97.47% for chicken, and 98.23% for beef. Since the method is concerned with detecting changes in the state of water in tissues, the freshness decay period was estimated based on changes in meat hydration properties.

Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) as a novel method in the characterization of cervical smears.

e23228Background: OMIS is a novel patented technique that uses optomagnetic spectroscopy principles to discover the differences between the paramagnetic / diamagnetic state of water matter in healt...

710 Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterisation of cervical tissue and cancer detection using unstained sample approach

710 Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterisation of cervical tissue and cancer detection using unstained sample approach

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA CHARACTERIZATION USING STAINED AND NON STAINED PLATES BY OPTO-MAGNETIC SPECTROSCOPY

According to the World Health Organization cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and on the third place is the most common and dangerous colorectal cancer with the rate of 17.3/100,000 people. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective solutions to improve the quality and speed of diagnostic tools so that they can respond to the challenges of prevention strategies which are an integral part of the rapid diagnosis of a large number of patients. The objectives of the research conducted in this study ( in vitro ) are: (1) examining the possibilities of application of opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy for characterization between different types of colon cancer, stained and non-stained plates, (2) method validation, (3) parameters determination for research in in vivo conditions, and (4) application in clinical trial to increase the efficiency and give more reliable diagnosis. In this paper we present Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) as a novel optical method for differentiation of different types of colon cancer, significant similarity between stained and non-stained plates based on light-tissue interaction. Results have showed that OMIS can make a difference between colorectal carcinoma and other types of colon cancer, as well as prove that plates staining can be avoided.

CHARACTERIZACION OF SKIN CANCER WITH OPTO-MAGNETIC IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY

Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer in human population due to late detection, high invasiveness and rapid infiltration. Besides melanoma, skin cancer includes Basal cell cancer (BCC), Squamous cell cancer (SCC), and other rare cancers like Mercel cell carcinoma and Langerhans cell carcinoma. The annual increase of melanoma patients in Serbia is 6%, while this number in the rest of the world varies between 5% and 7%. Various techniques are used to detect and differentiate skin cancers; these techniques differ in the principle of operation and detection efficiency. A novel method is an opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) based on light-tissue interaction. In more details, this technique measures the difference between responses of the skin when it is illuminated with white or polarized light under normal incidence or under Brewster angle. Different skin responses can also be measured under a fixed incident angle of the blue and the violet light. In this study, OMIS is used for detection and differentiation between simple mole (naevus) and melanoma, and for differentiation between non-melanoma cancer and melanoma. Investigations have included 65 patients with whom different lesions were confirmed by dermoscopy and histopathology. It is shown that good agreement between the results of the OMIS method and histopathological diagnosis were obtained in the sample covering 97% of the patients. This demonstrates that OMIS method can be one of the diagnostic methods for detection and differentiation of skin lesions.

CHARACTERIZACION OF SKIN CANCER WITH OPTO-MAGNETIC IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY

Melanoma is the most malignant skin cancer in human population due to late detection, high invasiveness and rapid infiltration. Besides melanoma, skin cancer includes Basal cell cancer (BCC), Squamous cell cancer (SCC), and other rare cancers like Mercel cell carcinoma and Langerhans cell carcinoma. The annual increase of melanoma patients in Serbia is 6%, while this number in the rest of the world varies between 5% and 7%. Various techniques are used to detect and differentiate skin cancers; these techniques differ in the principle of operation and detection efficiency. A novel method is an opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) based on light-tissue interaction. In more details, this technique measures the difference between responses of the skin when it is illuminated with white or polarized light under normal incidence or under Brewster angle. Different skin responses can also be measured under a fixed incident angle of the blue and the violet light. In this study, OMIS is used for detection and differentiation between simple mole (naevus) and melanoma, and for differentiation between non-melanoma cancer and melanoma. Investigations have included 65 patients with whom different lesions were confirmed by dermoscopy and histopathology. It is shown that good agreement between the results of the OMIS method and histopathological diagnosis were obtained in the sample covering 97% of the patients. This demonstrates that OMIS method can be one of the diagnostic methods for detection and differentiation of skin lesions.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COLORECTAL CARCINOMA CHARACTERIZATION USING STAINED AND NON STAINED PLATES BY OPTO-MAGNETIC SPECTROSCOPY

According to the World Health Organization cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide and on the third place is the most common and dangerous colorectal cancer with the rate of 17.3/100,000 people. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective solutions to improve the quality and speed of diagnostic tools so that they can respond to the challenges of prevention strategies which are an integral part of the rapid diagnosis of a large number of patients. The objectives of the research conducted in this study (in vitro) are: (1) examining the possibilities of application of opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy for characterization between different types of colon cancer, stained and non-stained plates, (2) method validation, (3) parameters determination for research in in vivo conditions, and (4) application in clinical trial to increase the efficiency and give more reliable diagnosis. In this paper we present Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) as a novel optical method for differentiation of different types of colon cancer, significant similarity between stained and non-stained plates based on light-tissue interaction. Results have showed that OMIS can make a difference between colorectal carcinoma and other types of colon cancer, as well as prove that plates staining can be avoided.

Investigation of influence of nanophotonic gas permeable contact lenses on saline by aquaphotomics and OMI spectroscopy

Contact lenses represent biomaterials whose main purpose is to correct the specific refractive anomaly of the eye. Since the visible light on its way to the perceptive part of the eye has to pass through the contact lens, the characteristics of the materials can significantly modify it. Biocompatibility of the lens surface is one of the most important issues in achieving contact lens wear without problems. We have developed new nanophotonic contact lens materials by adding nanoparticles of fullerene and their derivatives into standard PMMA RGP material. The aim of our investigation was to compare the influences of these materials on saline which is similar to tear film. We used NIR spectroscopy based on 12 vibration modes, called Aquaphotomics and Opto-magnetic imaging (OMI) spectroscopy as methods for characterizing the samples. The acquired spectrums were commented and compared with the standard contact lens material, which was analyzed by the same method.

Multivariate analysis and self organizing feature maps applied for data analysis of opto-magnetic spectra of water

To obtain new knowledge about structure of liquid water and interaction between constituents in water and water molecules a new approach has been attempted using Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS), a method based on a light-matter interaction. Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy is a novel method which takes into account a ratio of electrical and magnetic forces of chemical bonds, and therefore collects data of both classical and quantum actions of water molecules and other constituents. Here, we used OMIS combined with techniques of multivariate analysis and neural networks to extract data from spectra of different waters. We have investigated this method for characterization and discrimination of different waters with special interest in para- dia- magnetic properties which can give clues about organization of water molecules. It is shown that the use of OMIS together with multivariate techniques and neural networks approach can be proved as a valuable asset in characterizing water from the aspect of its structural organization.

Characterization of fullerenes thin film on glasses by UV/VIS/NIR and opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy

UV/VIS spectroscopic characterization of glasses is a part of the standard procedure. The reasons to do it is to ensure UV eye protection and characterization of material transparency. However, we extend this research to IR domain because the quality of glasses depend not only on UV protection and their transparency but on complementarities and compatibility of eye vision with optical device, also. We characterized basic material of glasses by UV/VIS/NIR and novel method Opto-magnetic Imaging Spectroscopy (OMIS). Then we doped basic material with fullerenes, and characterized them using the same procedure. Results are presented and discussed.